Pukat bawah menyeret jaring berbobot di sepanjang dasar laut untuk menangkap makanan laut
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Gambar © Howard Wood / COAST
Metode skala industri manusia yang paling populer untuk menangkap ikan juga merupakan salah satu yang paling merusak.
Pukat bawah, kapal yang menyeret jaring berbobot di atas dasar laut untuk mengikis makanan laut, mendaratkan sekitar 19 juta ton makanan laut setiap tahun. Ini hampir seperempat dari pendaratan laut global dan merupakan jumlah yang lebih besar daripada metode penangkapan ikan lainnya. Di beberapa bagian dunia lebih dari setengah dari semua makanan laut mendarat ditangkap dengan cara ini.
Bagaimana cara kerjanya?
Trawl adalah praktik menyeret jaring ikan tertimbang (pukat) melalui laut dalam upaya untuk menangkap makanan laut.
Pukat bawah adalah ketika jaring ditarik bersama, atau sangat dekat dengan, dasar laut untuk menangkap ikan hidup bawah seperti flounder, plaice dan halibut, serta spesies semi-pelagis seperti cod, cumi-cumi dan rockfish.
Hal ini berbeda dari pukat air tengah, yang menargetkan ikan pelagis (yang hidup di kolom air atas) seperti makarel, ikan teri, herring dan hoki. Pukat air tengah biasanya ikan untuk satu spesies, sedangkan pukat bawah menargetkan beberapa spesies.
Ingin tahu lebih banyak?
Bottom trawling can be hugely devastating for marine ecosystems and those who rely upon them to eat and to live.
Trawl nets as wide as a football field plough up the seabed, destroying vast amounts of marine life. Fragile habitats that provide food and shelter for a huge and varied range of sea creatures can be ripped to shreds. Many never recover.
Over the past 65 years alone, bottom trawlers have discarded overboard more than 400 million tonnes of untargeted marine life.
This includes everything from protected species and marine megafauna to commercially valuable fish also targeted by small-scale fishers. Had this catch been landed, it would have been worth around US$560 billion.
Over 100 million people rely on inshore subsistence and small-scale artisanal fishing for their daily food and livelihood − often using the same waters targeted by destructive trawlers.
The destruction wrought by bottom trawling goes much deeper than the glaring loss of marine life. By pulverising complex habitats and undermining fish populations, bottom trawling creates conflict and diminishes fisheries that are critical to the livelihoods and food security of some of the most vulnerable people on earth.
The carbon footprint of bottom trawl fisheries is three times higher than non-trawl fisheries and is among the highest of all foods.
Dragging a heavy net across the seafloor is hugely energy intensive. Bottom trawl fisheries that target shrimps and lobsters are among the least energy efficient in the world, using up to 17,000 litres of fuel for every tonne of seafood caught, 24 times higher than the global average for all fisheries.
Kami ingin melihat trawl bawah segera ditangani oleh semua negara pesisir, dengan bukti jejak yang berkurang secara global pada tahun 2030.
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