Los arrastreros de fondo arrastran redes pesadas a lo largo del fondo marino para capturar mariscos
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Los arrastreros de fondo arrastran redes pesadas a lo largo del fondo marino para capturar mariscos
For organisations, businesses and groups
Keep up to date with the coalition’s latest news, events and campaigns
Imagen © Howard Wood / COAST
El método a escala industrial más popular de la humanidad para capturar peces es también uno de los más destructivos.
Los arrastreros de fondo, embarcaciones que arrastran redes pesadas sobre el fondo marino para raspar mariscos, desembarcan alrededor de 19 millones de toneladas de mariscos anualmente. Esto es casi una cuarta parte de los desembarques marinos globales y es una cantidad mayor que cualquier otro método de pesca. En algunas partes del mundo, más de la mitad de todos los mariscos desembarcados se capturan de esta manera.
¿Cómo funciona?
La pesca de arrastre es la práctica de arrastrar una red de pesca pesada (una red de arrastre) a través del océano en un esfuerzo por capturar mariscos.
La pesca de arrastre de fondo es cuando la red es remolcada a lo largo o muy cerca del fondo marino para capturar peces que viven en el fondo como la platija, la solla y el fletán, así como especies semipelágicas como el bacalao, el calamar y el pez roca.
Es diferente de la pesca de arrastre de aguas medias, que se dirige a los peces pelágicos (aquellos que viven en la columna de agua superior) como la caballa, la anchoa, el arenque y el hoki. Los arrastreros de aguas medias generalmente pescan una sola especie, mientras que los arrastreros de fondo se dirigen a múltiples especies.
¿Quieres saber más?
Bottom trawling can be hugely devastating for marine ecosystems and those who rely upon them to eat and to live.
Trawl nets as wide as a football field plough up the seabed, destroying vast amounts of marine life. Fragile habitats that provide food and shelter for a huge and varied range of sea creatures can be ripped to shreds. Many never recover.
Over the past 65 years alone, bottom trawlers have discarded overboard more than 400 million tonnes of untargeted marine life.
This includes everything from protected species and marine megafauna to commercially valuable fish also targeted by small-scale fishers. Had this catch been landed, it would have been worth around US$560 billion.
Over 100 million people rely on inshore subsistence and small-scale artisanal fishing for their daily food and livelihood − often using the same waters targeted by destructive trawlers.
The destruction wrought by bottom trawling goes much deeper than the glaring loss of marine life. By pulverising complex habitats and undermining fish populations, bottom trawling creates conflict and diminishes fisheries that are critical to the livelihoods and food security of some of the most vulnerable people on earth.
The carbon footprint of bottom trawl fisheries is three times higher than non-trawl fisheries and is among the highest of all foods.
Dragging a heavy net across the seafloor is hugely energy intensive. Bottom trawl fisheries that target shrimps and lobsters are among the least energy efficient in the world, using up to 17,000 litres of fuel for every tonne of seafood caught, 24 times higher than the global average for all fisheries.
Queremos que todas las naciones costeras aborden urgentemente la pesca de arrastre de fondo, con evidencia de una huella reducida a nivel mundial para 2030.
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