Bottom trawling has long attracted attention and debate for its impacts on non-target species and seafloor habitats, and is thought to be the most widespread cause of human disturbance to these habitats. In recent years, concerns have also been raised about bottom trawling’s potential contributions to the climate crisis. This new briefing summarises this emerging field of research, outlining the known major impacts from bottom trawling on greenhouse gas emissions and identifying key mitigation opportunities.